Washing machine



E. R. ZADEMACH WASHING MACHINE May 20, 1930. Re. 17,673

Original Fil ed Aug. 26,1925 4 sheets-shes? 1 NVENTOR 2a ATTORNEY YR. ZADEMACH- May 20, 1930. WASHING-MACHINE Re. 17,673

4 Sheets-She s: 2

an inafFil d Aug. 26, 1925 INVENTOR MHH W e/Q4 ATTORNEY E. R. ZADEMACH May 20, 1930.

- 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 WASHINGVMAGHINE ori inal Filefd Aug. 26, 1925 30 INVENTdR 5140A @Z w ATTORNEY 'tically and Reissuecl' May 20,1930 I 4' UNITED; STATES.

ERICK a. manners,

time, To 1:03am: or onro j Rs. 17,673 I PATEN OFFICE or ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOB, IBY mr'zsnn ASSIGN- MANUFACTURING com any,- or snow, omo, A coaroaa'rron WASHING MACHINE Original No. 1,628,818, dated Ray 17, 1927, Serial No. 52,521, filed August 26, 1925. Application for reissuefiled July 81," 1928. Serial No. 296,600.

This invention relates to washing machines,

and aims to provide a compact machine oflarge capacity.

A particular object of the invention is to facilitate the insertion and removal of the articles to be washed.

The dish racks customarily used in dish washing machines are so heavy, when'filled with dishes, that it is difficult to liftthem ver-- they may be satisfactorily handled only by sliding them horizontally.

' the difficulty and. expense of movable closures for the side openings of the "the dishes in very hot water,

It has,therefore, been customary to provide dish washing machines with side openings.

throughwhich the racks maybe slid onto a fixed support in the washing chamber. This arrangement is inconvenient, especially in small machines of moderate cost, because of providing re-v washing chamber which will effectively prevent water from leaking out through 'them Fig. 3, sectioned on the line 4-4 of Fig. 1,

during the washing. operation.

To avoid such leakage, washing machines of moderate size have been provided with a tank open only at the top and having a cover fitting within the top of the tank. In such machines it has been necessary to provide mechanical means for raising the dish racks to the top. ofthe tank so that they may be handled by sliding. Furthermore, such'machines havehad a serious disadvantage in that when the cover is opened after'rinsing the-steam within the tank escapes-suddenly and may strike and scald the attendant.

The present invention aims to do away i with the disadvantages of previous machines 'with the present invention,

The lower edges of the casing mayfit within sectioned on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2, an

the line 6-6 of Fig. 4: showing the'controlthe upper edges of an open-top tank containing washing mechanism. and a support forthe rack of dishes.

Other features and advantages of the invention are he inafter described inconnection with a det diled description of-the ma. chine embodying all the features of the invention which is shown in the accompanying v drawings,in which Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the machine with the movable casing in raised position, showing one of the dish tables and the casing of the counterweight in section;

Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the machine with the movable casing in closed position, sectioned on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the machine with the movable casing inclosed position,

drawn on a larger scale,

Flg. 4 1s a plan viewon the same scale as and showing the top of the counterweight casing broken away; I

. Fig. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary horizontal section on the lines 5-5 of Fig. 3, showing the wash water-conduit and the parts at the inner end of the slide valve shaft;

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary vertical section on so ling mechanism for a cut-off valve in the wash conduit and locking mechanism associated therewith; r

Fig. 7 is'an enlarged fragmentary vertical section on the line 7-7 of Figs. 1 and 4 showing the resilientbumper for arresting downward movement of the casing; p Fig. 8 is an enlarged fragmentary horizontal section on the line 88 of Fig. 1 showing part of the mechanism for guiding and mum "ctr- 50 horizontal flanges 24 forming a continuationcasing 3is lowered, its lower edge lies inside the upper edge of the tank 2 and surrounds vthe support.

the outer edge of the support 4 so that the casing forms a washing chamber enclosifig Washing mechanism 5 and rinsing mechanism 6 are provided for washj ing and rinsing articles in this chamber.

The frame 1 consists of four corner posts 10, and four horizontal cross bars 11. The

* tank 2 is mounted within this frame with its upper, edge 12 at or above the top ends of the posts 10. The tank has at its top edge 12 an external flange 13 to which the inner edges I of dish tables 14 and 15' may be secured.

In order that the machine may be placed n either corner of a room or against a wall, 1t may be desirable to place the twodish tables 14 and 15 at the front and right side of the machine, as shown in the drawings, or at the front and left side of the machine, or at the two sides of-the machine. Theiposition of a dish table at the left-hand side of the machine is-indicated in dot and dash lines in Fig. 4, but it should be understoodgthat three 25 ridge 21 about three sldes of its outer edge and Wlth aridge 21'- of slightly greater height about its fourth side, all of which serve to position the dish racks on it. The ridge 21 is not high enough to interfere materially with slidin the racks fromthe support to the dish tab es, but the ridge 21' is of sufiicieut height to limit the rearward movement of a dish rack. a 4

In the form shown in the drawings, the support 4 is a square open frame mountedon four brackets 22 extending inwardly from the four corners of the tank. Besides su porting the frame 4, the brackets 22 provi e vertical flanges 23 which serve to guide. dish racks from the dish tables tothe frame 4, and

of the supporting. surface 20 outside the ridge 21. I

The outer portions 25 of the brackets 22 are below the level of the upper edge-0f thetank to permit the lower edge of the movable casmg 3to enter within the upper edge 12 of the tank. p v

The casing 3 ismounted on the frame 1 for yertlcal movement between a closed position In which its lower edge lies within the upper edge of the tank and a raised position shown in Fig.1. a The casing 3 may be'made of any shape desired, although, as hereinafter explained,

completely around the lower edge of the casing. p

The lower edge 34 of the casing is bevelled as shown in Fig. 3 to provide a sharp inner corner 33 to direct liquid dripping from the easing into the tank 2. The casing fits loosely within the upper edge 12 ofv the tank 2, so

as to leave a 'longnarrow opening through which steam may escape during the washing and rinsing operations.

The mounting of the casing supports it guides and facilitates its movement in vertical directions, and, at the same time, leaves the front and the two sides of the support 4 wholly unobstructed when the casing is raised. v

The mounting includes two bars 35 secured and I to the casing 3 and slidably mounted on the I frame 1 and means for counterbalancing the weight of the bars and casing. The upper ends of the bars 35 are fixed inbra'ckets 3 6 I secured to the casing at its rear corners. Each bar passes through an upper bracket 37' and a lower bracket 38' secured to one of the rear uprights 10 of the frame the machine. In the upper brackets 37- are ollers 39 en'- gaging the front sides of the bars and in the i r lower brackets 38 are rollers 40 engaging the rear sides of the bars. It is apparent that the unbalanced weight of the casing will keep the slide bars in engagement withthese rollers. v

The oounterbalancing means, inthe form shown in the drawings, include a weight 42.

extending clear across the back of the frame of the machine and having a mass substam tially equal to that of the casing and the slide bars combined. The weight is connected with the slide bars by means of two chains; 43 which pass over the. pulley. wheels 44 mounted in the brackets 37 and are secured to the portions of the slide bars which lie between the rollers 39 and 40. The counterbalancing mechanism and the bracket 37',

38 are enclosed in a casing 47 whose top is form-edby the rear portion of the flange 13 of the tank 2. Besides protectingthe coun- I .ter-weight mechanism, the casing.47; forms a dead air space which tends to prevent cooling of a liquid in the tank 2.

Resilient bumpers are provided for limiting upward and downward movements of the casing. 3. Those for limiting the downward vmovement have the form of cushion rings 48 secured to the brackets 36 around the upper portions of the bars 35. They strike the flange 13 over the brackets 37 just after the lower edge 34 of the casing enters between the upper edge 12 of the tank and the support 4 in the space provided above the outer portions of the the position shown in Fig. 1.

contained in the tank 2 against particles sup-' Any desired form of washing mechanism may be used to pro ect a washing medium ported in the washing chamber provided by the casing 3 when the casing is in its lowest position. This washing mechanism may if desired, extend into the washing chamber and above the articles supported therein. It is,

however, necessary that 'the washing mechamsm be formed and positioned so as to leave at least one side of the support 4 unobstructed,

and it is desirable that it should leave both sides and the front of the support unob-.

structed. y

The washing mechanism 5 shown in the drawings is located in the tank 2 and wholly below the support 4. It includes a rotary reaction driven distributor 50, and a pump 51 and conduit 52 for forcing washing medium into this distributor.

To adapt it for use with this washing mechanism the tank 2 is given the form of an 55. The liquid in the well may be heated by means of a gas heater 56 or a steam injector The pump 51 is of the centrifugal type and is submerged in the liquid in the well 54. Itis driven by an electric motor 58 located in the frame 1 in front of the well 54. The casing 59 of the pump 51 and the conduit 52 form a single rigid unit. This unit is mounted in the tank by securing a horizontal flange 60 formed on the conduit 52 to the inner edge of the floor 53 of the tank, and securing the pump casing to the front wall 61 of the well 54 by means of a stuffing box 62 surrounding the shaft of the pumps. The

. posite points.

pumps and conduit unit may be removed from the tank by merely releasing the stuffing box and bearing 62 and by removing two screws which pass through the flange into the floor 53.

The distributor 50 has a hub 63 and two arms 64 of equal length extending radially outward from the hub at diametrically op- The hub 63 is closed at its top and open at its bottom. It is rotatably mounted at the upper or the discharge end of the conduit 52 by means of a sleeve 65 and a pin 66. The sleeve 65 extends downwardly from the top of the hub, out through the opening at the bottom of the hub, and intothe conduit 52. It may be formed integral with the hub and arms as shown. The pin 66 is screwed into a boss 67 formed on the conduit 52 directly below the center of its discharge opening and is held thereinby a lock nut 68. The pin 66 projects upwardly through the discharge opening of the conduit so that it may be extended through the sleeve 65 to project above the top of the hubas shown.- Two bushings 69 arefixed in the sleeve 65 to provide a long bearing for the distributor] Downward movement of the distributor is limited by engagement of the bushing 69 with the boss 67, while upward movement of the distributor under the pressure of the liquid forced into it is limited by, nuts 70 screwed on the upper end of the pin 66. When the distributor is in operation it is forced upwardv against the nuts 70. A bearing washer 7.1 is provided between the lower nut 70 and the upper end of the hub to facilitate rotation of the distributor. For the same purpose a clearance is allowed between the upper end of the conduit 52 and the lower end of the hub. g

'The wash arms 64 are provided with up Wardly directed discharge openings 72, 73, formed to project fan-like sprays. The two ends openings 73 are inclinedt'o the axis of the distributor to cause itto rotate by reaction. When the casing 3 is in its lowest position, all the fan-shaped sprays from the dis-' charge penings, including those from the two end openings 7 3, are directe toward the inner surface of thecasing 3 so t t no liquid is forced out between the lower edge of the casing and the upper edge of the tank.

In order that all the articles on the frame 4 may be washed and that some liquid may strike these articles from above, each arm 64 is made longer than one-half the width of' the frame 4 so that as the distributor rotates the liquid from its outer discharge openings 73 strikes the articles at the corners ofihe support when the arms extend diagonally of l in front and in back of the frame 410 meet at the top of the casing and fall downward against the articles on the frame. To accomplish this purpose, it is not essential that the casing'be given the exactform shown, but is is sufficient that it have a curved top and at least two sides which merge into its top;

To avoid the necessity of stopping the pump and motor when the casing 4 is raised, a slid iio ment of the control ing cut-'ofi valve 75 is provided in the conduit 52.

A control lever 76 having a vertical shaft extension 77 at one of the outer corners'of the tank is provided for operating this valve. This lever is connected to the valve by means of an arm 78 on the shaft 77, a rod 79, a crank 79, a shaft 80, and a rocking lever 81. Stops 76 on the external flange 13 limit the move lever 76 in either direc-. tion. 1 5

A lock is provided for preventing movement ofthe control lever 76 to open the valve 75 when the casing 3 is raised, thus avoiding the danger of scalding the operator, which might occur if the washing fluid Were forced into the distributor 50 when the casing was in raised position. The lock consists of a lever 82 mounted on a horizontal ivot 83 fixed in one of the brackets 22. A weight 84 from one end of this lever causes its other end 85 normally to project up into the space above the outer portion of this bracket 22 and into the path of afinger 86 formed-on the inner end of the control lever 76, so that when in this positionit prevents movement of the control lever. When thecasing 3 is moved casing 3 inits closed position while the valve 1 articles on t into its closed position a catch 82' secured to the interior of its lower edge strikes the end 85 of the lever 82 and depresses it belowthe finger 86 so that the control lever 76 may be moved to open the valve 75.

. Means are alsoprovided for locking the is open, preventingthe accidental movemans'consist of a finger on the lever 82,

which is'movedto lie above" the catch 82 when theen'd 85 of the lever 82 is depressed by the catch 82 on'closinglthe casing. When the control lever 76 is moved to open the valve 75, the finger 86 glides over the end 85, holding it in its down position and consequently locking the lever-82 and the casing aga nst upward movement. Y I

, Rinsingapparatus is provided for rinsing washed. The rinsing apparatus shown in the drawings includes three u wardlyl directed distributors 90, 91, 92, be ow the support 4 and two downwardly directed distributors 93-above the support '4. Rinsing fluid from a supply pipe 94 is led to the rinse distributors b'y aconduit 95 which has branches 96,197 extending to the distributors 90, 91, 92-,

and a branch 98 extending up between the I back wall of the tank and the sup ort 4 to r v a point directly above the middle '0 the sun-' 80- on the ends of'which the distributors, 93 are supported. The branch pipe 9:8 is curved, as 5 port 4, where it'carries a. horizontal pipe 99 own, so thatit and the horizontal pipe'99 lie. close to the inner surface of the casing 3 when the casingis' in" closed position. The

e support 4 after they have been pipes 98 and 99, therefore, in no way obstruct the front or either side of the frame 4. The flow of the rinsing fluid'through the conduit 95 and its branches is controlled by a valve 100 located in a convenient position directly below the lever 76 which controls the slide valve 75.' V 3 The rinse distributorsare adapted to project conical sprays, and may consist of nozzlesof the form shown and claimed in Merseles U. S. Patent No. 1,481,327, issued J an uary 22, 1924. The conical sprays projected from the lower nozzles 90, 91, 92 are all directedtoward the inner surface of the casing 3 when the casing isclosed so that they cause casing. 7 In the useof the machine, the motor 58 and the pump 59 are operated continuously, while the was ing mechanism is controlled by the lever 7 and the rinsing sprays are controlledby the valve 100. After the articles in a dish rack have-been washed and rinsed and the valves 7 5Qand 100 have been closed, the. casing 3 is raised by means of a handle 41 'to'the position'shown in Fig. 1, and the dish rack on the frame 4 is slid'onto one ofthe dish tables14, 15. A rack'of' soiled dishes from the other table is then slid onto the frame 4. The casing 3-is then moved down by the handle 41 until its lower edge strikes thebrackets 22, and the dishes in the next rack are then washed and rinsed;

--C0mp'aratively little physical 'eflort is required to use the machine, since all motion of the dish racks is horizontal, and the rollers directl' "into the tank, strikes the inner surfaceo the'casingB and drains back into the tank from. the bevelledjlower'edge of the casing. This is also true ofvsuch liquid as condenses in the casing after the'casing has been raised. I

,All danger ofscalding the operator is avoided,,since the greaterpart of the steam contained in the washing chamber remains in the casing 3 when it is raised, and rapidly condenses. A little steam may escape just as the lower edge of the casing 3 passes the upper edgeof thetank 2, but owing to the.

fact that the opening between theseedgesextends. all the way around the tank, this steam does not come out with suflicie'nt force to cause any injury.-

Certain features of the washing mechanism which have been described form the subject matter of claims in the co-pending application of Herbert E.- Merseles and Frank W. Bemm filed October, 9, 1919, Serial N 0. 329,533, now Patent No. 1,559,727, granted Nov. 3, 1925, and of claims of the copending application of Henry R. Merseles,

' the supply of liquid to the distributor, a vertically movable casing open at its bottom, a normally locked control lever for said valve, and means for automatically unlocln'ng said control lever when the casing is moved downwardly to a position in which its inner surface will intercept the liquid projected from the, distributor.

2. In a washing machine, the combination of a distributop for directing a liquid upwardly and outwardly, a valve controlling the supply of liquid to the distributor, a vertically movable casing open at its bottom, a normally locked control lever for said valve, meansfor automatically unlocking said control lever when the casing is moved downwardly to a position in which the inner surface will intercept the liquid projected from the .distributor, and means actuated by moving the control lever to open the valve to lock tl1e casing is its closed position.

3. In a washing 'machine, the combination of a tank having a movable cover, a liquid distributor, a valve controlling the supply of liquid thereto, a control lever for said valve,

movable in a direction transverse to that in which the cover moves, a movable member, movable in the direction in which the cover moves, and yieldable means for normally positioning said member in the path of the control lever and in the path of the closing movement of the cover.

. 4. In a washing machine, the combination of a tank having a movable cover, a catch on said cover, a l1qu1d distributor, a valve controlling the supply of liquid thereto, a control lever for said valve movable in a direction transverse to that in which the cover moves, a locking member movable in the di-. rection in which the cover moves and having a part normally lying in the path of the cover, and a part adapted to lie above the catch on the cover, and a proiection on the control lever positioned to strike the first part of the locking member when the lockingmember isin its normal position, and to move between the two parts of the locking inember when the locking member is depressed.

5. In a washing machine, the combination of a support for the articles to support, a cashing open at its bottom and. adapted toenelose articles. on said support and'said distributor, and a conduit leading froin-below the support to the distributor and a mounting for the casing permitting 1 a concave deflector.

bewashed, a: downwardly directeddistributor above said vertical movement thereof, both located so as to leave the front and sides of'the support unobstructed.

6. In a washing machine, a tank open at its top, a closure for said tank, and a mounting for said closure permitting vertical movement thereof, thereof in all other directions, and comprising vertical members located substantially at the rear edge of the tank so as to leave the front and sides of the tank unobstructed.

7. In a washing machine,a rectangular support for the articles to be washed, a casing] open at its bottom and adapted to enclose articles on said support, and a mounting for said casing permitting vertical movement thereof-and comprising a plurality of vertical rods all located outside the corners of said ;hind the rear edge of said support so as to leave the sides and front of the support un- I obstructed when the casing is raised.

, 9. In a washing machine, .a tank open at its top, a support in saidtank with its sup-' porting surface on a level with the upper edge preventing movement 'of'the tank, brackets secured to the inner wall i of the tank and to said support and having their outer portions below the level of the upper edge of the tank, a vertically movable casing open at its bottom, and resilient means for arresting downward movement of the casing when its lower edge enters between the support and the upper edge of the tank. 10. In a washing machine, a support for the articles to be washed, a distributor 10- cat'ed below said support and having dischargeopenings positioned to direct a liquid upwardly against articles on the support and discharge openings positioned to direct liquid -upwardly outside two opposite edges of the support at the sametime, and a casing abovesaid support having a curved top and two opposite sides merging into said top'to form 11.-Ina washing machine, a support for the articlesto' washed, a rotary distributor below said support having radial arms provided with upwardly dire'cteddischarge openings at their ends, the length of each of said arms being greater than onehaving radial arms providedwith upward--v rectangular half the width ofvv the support, and a casing] 1y directed discharge openings at their ends, the length of each of said arms being greater than one-half the width of the support and less than one-half the diagonal of the support. 1- 13. In a washing machine, the combination of a tank having the form of an inverted L and providing a raised flgor and a well, a rigid unit including a pump casing in said 10 well and a conduit extending upward from the pump casingand above said floor, and a horizontal flange on said conduit resting on the floor.

, 14. In a washing machine, the vcombination of a tank having the form of an inverted L and providing a raised floor and a well, and a rigid unit includi-nga pump casing and a conduit having an external horizontal flange and secured in said tank by attaching said pump casing to one side of said well and said flange to the inner edge of said tion of a tank open at its top, a support for ,gsthe' articles to be washed at the top 'ofthe l 'tank, a distributor directed towards articles on the support, a valve controlling the supply of fluid tosaid distributor, an openbottom casing vertically movable between a 7 lower position in which it encloses articles on said support and an upper position n which it permits removal of said articles, and means for preventing the opening of said valve when the casing is in'its up er pos1t1on.

tom, a mounting for guiding said casing ventically between a-lower position in which it intercepts liquid from said distributor an a raised position, and means operative on the opening of the'valve to prevent upward movement of the casing from its lower posiv tion while the valve is open.v i 17; In-a'washing machine, the combination" 7 of a liquid distributor, a' valve controlling j the supply of liquid to said'distribut or, an

' 7 operating lever for said valve, a manually '5 movable casing open at its bottom, a mounting for guiding said casing vertically be- I tween a lower position in which it intercepts liquid j from said distributor and a raised position, a: meniber connected to said casing,and means actuated by-Imoving the con- 'trol lever in opening the valve when the cas- 7 ing is in its lower position to prevent inove- I ment of said member while the valve is open. 00 I I "rtank and cover for confinin'g-liquid distribi I, g: uted therefrom, a valvecontrolling the sup-.v ply of-liquidto the distributo gand means 18. In a washing machine, a distributor, a

.7 looking the cover-shut'except when the valve irst completely closedand locking the valve 15, In a washing machine, the combina- 16. In a washing machine, 't e combination of a liquid distributor, a valve controlling the supply of liquid to the distributor,

a. manually movablecasing open at its botshut.

19. In a washingmachine, a distributor, a

tank and cover for confining liquid distributed therefrom, a control handle means actuated by manual movement of said handle to control th e su ply of liquid to the distributor, and means loc in the cover shut except when closedexcept when the cover is completely said control han le is positioned to prevent the supply of liquid to the distributor and locklng said control handle in position to prevent the supply of liquid to the distribu-o tor except when the cover is completely shut.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set F my hand. 1 ERIOH R. ZADEMACH. 

